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East Kasai
Kasai-Oriental (East Kasai) is a province of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Its provincial capital is Mbuji-Mayi. It borders Kasai-Occidental to the west, Equateur to the north-west, Orientale to the north-east, Maniema to the east, and Katanga to the south.
Category:Subdivisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Mbuji-MayiMbuji-Mayi (formerly Bakwanga) serves as the capital of Kasai-Oriental (Anglicized as East-Kasai) province in the south-central Democratic Republic of Congo. Population estimates vary extremely in the absence of a census but average around one million.
Geography
Mbuji-Mayi lies in Luba country on the Sankuru River.
History
Mbuji-Mayi grew rapidly upon Congolese independence in 1960 with the immigration of Luba from different parts of the country. It served as the capital of the secessionist Mining State of South Kasai from 1960-1962 during the ruinous Congolese civil war.
Culture and Economy
A commercial center, Mbuji-Mayi handles most diamond mining, panning, and production in the Congo.
It is also home to an airport.
The city remains extremely remote for its huge population, with little connection to the outside world.
Category:Cities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Equateur, Congo
Equateur is a province of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is in the north of the country, and borders the Republic of the Congo to the west, the Central African Republic to the north, to the east the province of Orientale, and to the south the provinces of Kasai-Oriental, Kasai-Occidental, and Bandundu. The provincial capital is Mbandaka, a city on the Congo River.
Category:Subdivisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Maniema
Maniema is a province of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Its provincial capital is Kindu. It borders Kasai-Oriental to the west, Orientale to the north, Nord-Kivu and Sud-Kivu to the east, and Katanga to the south.
Category:Subdivisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Katanga
Katanga is the southern province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, regional capital Lubumbashi (formerly Elizabethville). 518,000 km² with a population of around 4.1 million. Farming and ranching are carried out on the Katanga Plateau. In the eastern part of the province is an rich mining region, which supplies cobalt, copper, tin, radium, uranium, and diamonds.
Beginning in the 17th century, the province was controlled by the Luba and Lunda. In the late 19th century, a trader from Tanzania called M'Siri founded a short-lived kingdom that lasted until he was killed by the Belgians in 1891. Under Belgian control from around 1884, the mineral resources were heavily exploited by Belgian firms (notably Union Minière du Haut Katanga) and the province was developed much more than the rest of the country. The Belgian mining cartel employed a mixture of contract mercenaries and hired guards in order to subdue the local population and to i\ensure the proper transport of minerals and other goods out of the country. The Baluba tribe often interfered with their mining operations in this province, and many were killed in raids on mining operations.
Baluba
Following the granting of independence to the Congo in June 1960 Katanga broke away from the new government of Patrice Lumumba in July and declared independence under Moise Tshombe. Lumumba was replaced in September 1960 in a coup d'état by Joseph Mobutu.
In January 1962, Katanga created its own air force, which was commanded by Jan Zumbach. There were 10 Harvard T-6 bombers and two Vampire jets, almost all of which were destroyed by Swedish fighters in December 1962. Forces under the leadership of the UN conducted a two-year campaign to return Katanga to the Congo, culminating in the National Conciliation Plan in January 1963.
In 1966 the central government nationalized the Union Minière du Haut Katanga, as Gécamines. In 1971 Katanga was renamed Shaba. Throughout the 1970s further insurrections were put down by the government with help from foreign nations. In 1978 for example, on 12 May, rebels occupied the city of Kolwezi, the mining centre of the province. Zaire asked the United States, France, and Belgium to restore order. This resulted in 700 African and 170 European victims.
The province became Katanga again in 1997 after Mobutu Sésé Seko was exiled.
External links
- [http://www.nationalflaggen.de/flags-of-the-world/flags/cd-ka.html#descr Meaning of flag]
Category:Subdivisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Category:Former countries
Bhumibol Adulyadej
Bhumibol Adulyadej adalah Raja Thailand saat ini. Ia dikenal dengan Raja Rama IX. Ia menjadi raja sejak usia 19 tahun pada tahun 1946. Raja ini lahir 5 Desember 1927 di Cambridge (Massachusetts, Amerika Serikat). Ia merupakan salah satu anggota Dinasti Chakri yang sekolah di Sekolah Mater Dei (Bangkok). Putra Raja Mahidol Adulyadej ini melanjutkan sekolah dasarnya ke Lausanne ketika sebagian keluarganya pindah ke Swiss.
Ia menghabiskan pendidikan SLTA di Lausanne dan mendapat nilai tinggi pada kesusastraan Perancis, Latin, dan Yunani. Ia kemudian belajar sains di Universitas Lausanne ketika kakaknya (Ananda Mahidol) menjadi raja tahun 1935. Tetapi, kematian misterius yang dialami kakaknya di bulan Juni 1946 menjadikannya harus naik tahta pada 9 Juni 1946.
Saat itu, ia tidak langsung diberikan mahkota karena diminta menyelesaikan studinya di Swiss. Ia diminta belajar hukum dan ilmu politik yang berguna sebagai raja. Saat akhir studi, ia sering melihat pabrik otomotif di Perancis dan bertemu dengan sepupu jauhnya (Mom Rajawongse Sirikit Kitiyakara) yang juga seorang putri Duta Besar Thailand di Paris.
Cinta pun bersemi. Sirikit diminta meneruskan sekolah di Lausanne. Pada Juli 1949, keduanya bertunangan dan menikah pada Mei 1950. Pernikahan keduanya melahirkan empat keturunan, yaitu seorang putra dan tiga putri. Putra-putri raja terlibat penuh dalam proyek-proyek raja.
Bhumibol memerintah dengan seorang wakil raja hingga tahun 1950 dan ditahbiskan sebagai Raja Rama IX. Kepemimpinannya mendapat tempat di relung hati rakyat karena sentuhan-sentuhan langsungnya. Penggemar musik jazz dan kontemporer lagu dan memperoleh anggota kehormatan dari Institut Musik dan Seni Vienna (Austria) ini selalu memberi waktu untuk menyerahkan diploma pada setiap lulusan universitas negeri di Thailand. Tugasnya itu kemudian diambil alih oleh putra-putri raja.
Raja yang gemar fotografi dan mengarang atau menerjemahkan ini dikenal seorang atlet berlayar dan memperoleh medali emas dalam Asian Games (SEA GAMES) pada tahun 1967 di Manila (Filipina). Ia juga selalu kontak dengan atlet-atlet negaranya yang meraih medali emas.
Dunia Politik
Sebenarnya, raja enggan memasuki koridor politik. Tetapi, ketika menyangkut kehidupan rakyat banyak, ia tak bisa tinggal diam. Tahun 1973, secara jelas, ia menghendaki Marsekal Thanom Kittikachorn mundur dari rezim militer dan membentuk pemerintahan demokrasi. Menyusul kudeta tahun 1991, raja kemudian mendesak rezim militer pimpinan Jenderal Suchinda Kraprayoon mengadakan pemilu. Rakyat marah karena partai pemenang pemilu tahun 1992 menempatkan Jenderal Suchinda sebagai perdana menteri.
Raja memanggilnya dan memilih Mayjen Chamlong Srimuang yang pro-demokrasi. Kedua jenderal menghadap raja sambil berlutut. Raja hanya minta agar demokrasi ditegakkan. Sejak itu, kudeta militer menjadi tabu. Pada ulang tahunnya yang ke-78 di tahun 2005, raja mencerca Perdana Menteri Thaksin Shinawatra untuk bersedia menerima kritik itu semata karena konsekuensi sebagai pemimpin.
"Pepatah bahwa raja tidak mungkin berbuat salah, itu adalah penghinaan. Itu berarti raja bukan manusia. Saya bisa berbuat salah dan saya tak takut dikritik langsung," kata sang raja. Kepemimpinannya yang telah 60 tahun di Thailand menjadikan raja sebagai kepala negara terlama di dunia. Keteladanan serta integritas Raja Bhumibol terasa pantas diambil contoh. Hak dan kesejahteraan petani pun diambil seperti terlihat dengan kebijakan impor beras. Baginya, petani adalah segalanya.
Lihat pula
- Daftar Tokoh Thailand
Adulyadej, Bhumibol
Kategori:Raja Thailand
ja:ラーマ9世
ms:Bhumibol Adulyadej
th:พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาภูมิพลอดุลยเดช
hotels Amsterdam Doda i Virgin firma niusy liczniki
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